Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS)
Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is a chronic condition caused by enlarged, weakened veins in the pelvis — similar to varicose veins, but located deep inside. These veins have one-way valves that are meant to keep blood flowing toward the heart. When the valves become damaged or stop working properly, blood can pool and pressure builds up in the pelvic veins. This leads to chronic pelvic pain and discomfort that often worsens with standing, physical activity, or at the end of the day.
Pelvic congestion syndrome typically affects women of childbearing age and often goes undiagnosed for years because the symptoms can be vague or mistaken for other gynecological conditions.
Symptoms
Common signs and symptoms include:
Dull, aching pelvic pain lasting six months or longer
Pain that worsens when standing, lifting, or after long periods of activity
Pain that increases before or during menstruation
Discomfort during or after sexual intercourse
Visible varicose veins around the vulva, buttocks, or upper thighs
Swelling or heaviness in the pelvic area
Risk Factors
Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing PCS, including:
Multiple pregnancies: Pregnancy stretches and weakens pelvic veins
Hormonal changes: Estrogen can relax vein walls, contributing to valve failure
Family history: A genetic predisposition to vein disease may increase risk
Varicose veins elsewhere
Prolonged standing or sitting
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