Vertebral Compression Fractures
Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are small breaks or collapses in the bones of the spine (vertebrae) that occur when these bones become too weak to support normal pressure. They are most commonly caused by osteoporosis, a condition that thins and weakens bone over time, but can also result from trauma, cancer, or other underlying conditions. These fractures can significantly impact mobility and quality of life, often leading to chronic pain, posture changes, and reduced independence if left untreated.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary and often develop gradually. Common signs include:
Sudden onset of back pain, especially after lifting, bending, or minor falls
Pain that worsens with standing, walking, or movement and improves when lying down
Loss of height over time
A noticeable stooped or hunched posture (kyphosis)
Limited mobility or difficulty performing daily activities
In severe cases, nerve compression symptoms such as tingling, numbness, or weakness in the legs
Risk Factors
Factors that increase the risk of vertebral compression fractures:
Osteoporosis is the most common cause
Age: Risk increases significantly after age 50
Gender: Women are at higher risk due to faster bone loss after menopause
History of Fractures
Long-Term Steroid Use: Corticosteroids can weaken bones over time
Cancer: Metastatic disease can weaken spinal bones and increase fracture risk
Low Bone Density or Poor Nutrition: Inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D
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