Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common, degenerative joint disease that occurs when the protective cartilage cushioning the ends of the bones gradually wears down over time. As the cartilage breaks down, bones begin to rub against each other, leading to inflammation, stiffness, swelling, and chronic pain. This condition is one of the leading causes of disability among adults, often making everyday activities — like walking, climbing stairs, or standing for long periods — difficult and painful. One of the underlying drivers of osteoarthritis pain is abnormal blood vessel growth and inflammation in the lining of the knee joint. Targeting this inflammation directly can significantly reduce pain and improve mobility without the need for surgery.

While lifestyle changes, physical therapy, and medications are often recommended as first-line treatments, many patients continue to experience significant knee pain despite these measures. In more advanced cases, surgery such as knee replacement is sometimes recommended — but not all patients are candidates, and many wish to avoid major surgery if possible.