Genicular Artery Embolization

Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat chronic knee pain caused by osteoarthritis. Unlike traditional surgical approaches, GAE targets the underlying source of pain — abnormal blood vessel growth and inflammation in the lining of the knee joint — without the need for incisions, implants, or joint replacement. This innovative treatment can significantly reduce pain, improve mobility, and help patients delay or even avoid knee replacement surgery.

Preparation: GAE is usually performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia. The skin where the catheter will be inserted is sterilized and numbed before the procedure begins.

Catheter Insertion: Using real-time X-ray guidance (fluoroscopy), a tiny puncture is created and a thin, flexible catheter is inserted into a blood vessel. The catheter is then carefully navigated through the vascular system to the genicular arteries — the small blood vessels that supply the knee joint.

Identifying Abnormal Blood Vessels: A contrast dye is gently injected through the catheter to help map out the blood vessels supplying the inflamed joint lining. These abnormal vessels are often responsible for ongoing inflammation and pain.

Embolization (Blocking the Vessels): Once the abnormal vessels are identified, tiny, biocompatible particles are injected through the catheter to block them. This reduces excessive blood flow to the inflamed tissue, decreasing inflammation and thereby relieving pain.

Completion and Recovery: After embolization is complete, the catheter is removed, and a small bandage is placed over the puncture site — no stitches are needed. Most patients return home the same day.

Recovery and Results: Recovery from GAE is typically quick, with most patients resuming light activities within 24–48 hours. Pain relief often begins within days to weeks and continues to improve over several months as inflammation decreases. Because the procedure addresses the root cause of osteoarthritis-related pain, many patients experience long-lasting results and improved joint function without the risks or downtime associated with surgery.

For those who haven’t responded to conservative care and want to avoid surgery, genicular artery embolization offers a safe and effective alternative.