Varicocele Embolization
Varicocele embolization is a minimally invasive, image-guided procedure that treats varicoceles—enlarged veins in the scrotum that can impact fertility. Embolization offers a safe, effective, and non-surgical solution that targets the problem at its source and helps restore normal blood flow, often improving fertility and relieving symptoms. Further because it treats the underlying cause of the varicocele without major surgery, it offers high success rates, minimal discomfort, and a lower risk of recurrence compared to traditional surgical techniques.
Preparation: The procedure is usually performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. The skin where the catheter will be inserted is sterilized and numbed before the procedure begins.
Catheter Insertion: Using real-time X-ray imaging (fluoroscopy), a tiny puncture is created in a vein and a thin, flexible catheter is inserted. The catheter is then carefully guided through the venous system to the testicular vein that is causing the varicocele.
Venogram and Vessel Mapping: A small amount of contrast dye is injected through the catheter to create a venogram, a detailed map of the veins and blood flow. This enhanced visibility makes it possible to precisely identify the abnormal, dilated veins responsible for the varicocele.
Embolization (Blocking the Abnormal Veins): Once the target veins are identified, tiny coils or a sclerosing solution are delivered through the catheter to seal off the malfunctioning veins. This redirects blood flow into healthy veins, relieving pressure and reducing dilation.
Completion and Recovery: After the embolization is complete, the catheter is removed, and a small bandage is placed at the puncture site. No stitches are required, and most patients are able to return home within a few hours.
Recovery and Results: Recovery after varicocele embolization is typically rapid. Most patients return to normal daily activities within 24–48 hours, and strenuous exercise can usually be resumed after about a week. Pain relief is often noticed quickly, while improvements in sperm quality and fertility may become evident over several months as circulation normalizes.
A varicocele is a common and highly treatable condition. For men who haven’t found relief with conservative care and want to avoid surgery, varicocele embolization offers a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment. This procedure can relieve discomfort, preserve fertility, and support overall reproductive health.